Precision Medicine in Oncology: Targeted Therapies and Biomarker Identification

Abstract

Precision medicine has revolutionized the field of oncology by tailoring treatment strategies to the unique genetic makeup of individual patients and their tumors. This approach aims to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects by targeting specific molecular alterations driving tumorigenesis. Central to precision oncology are targeted therapies, which selectively inhibit key pathways involved in cancer progression, thereby offering promising outcomes for patients with various malignancies. Biomarker identification plays a pivotal role in guiding treatment decisions within the framework of precision medicine. By identifying specific genetic mutations, gene expression patterns, or protein signatures, biomarkers enable clinicians to predict a patient's response to targeted therapies and stratify individuals into subgroups with distinct prognoses